Narratives
Open narrative: An Open Narrative structure is usually found in television series, in particular, ongoing soap operas such as EastEnders/Neighbours. In these narratives, the story has no apparent beginning, middle or end, in terms of the actual events. A familiar device in open narratives, especially soap operas, is a cliffhanger ending to each episode, from which the next episode can follow on. As a result, these stories can last a long time, and the programme itself can continue for years.
Closed narrative: A Closed Narrative structure is most commonly found in movies. As mentioned before, movies generally exist as one unique story, and contain a beginning, middle and an ending. A story is unravelled before an audience, and then ultimately brought to a conclusion. A closed narrative in a movie does not necessarily mean no sequels can be made. There can be prequels, set before the chronology of the first movie, or a sequel that can create an all-new story, with the same characters.
Closed narrative: A Closed Narrative structure is most commonly found in movies. As mentioned before, movies generally exist as one unique story, and contain a beginning, middle and an ending. A story is unravelled before an audience, and then ultimately brought to a conclusion. A closed narrative in a movie does not necessarily mean no sequels can be made. There can be prequels, set before the chronology of the first movie, or a sequel that can create an all-new story, with the same characters.
Narrative structures can be "single strand", focusing on a single central character, such as Iron Man, or Bruce Almighty. Narrative structures can also be "multi-strand" where several characters form the focus of the narrative, for example in X-MEN, friends or the wire. Soap opera is a good example of a "multi-strand" television drama. An esemble cast portrays a variety of urban characters in something akin to a modern day populist Comedie humaine. No single charcater is preeminent for an entire series. In consecutive ephisodes different characters or groups of characters may be the main point of focus. Each ephisode contains multiple "strands" in which two or three families may recieve an even distribution of programme focus.
Narrative structures can be "linear": events progressing in chronological order with one following another. Narratives can also be "non-linear". A non-linear narrative is one that does not proceed in a straight-line, step-by-step fashion, such as where an author creates a Story's ending beforwe the middle is finished. Linear is the opposite, when narrative runs smoothly in a straight line, when it is not broken up. Soaps therefore have linear narratives. However, theitr narrative structure is engineered so as to build tension and keep the audience in suspense through the constant use of cross-cutting. Scenes develop to a point of heightened tension then the direction cuts to another scene, leaving us in suspense regarding what happened in the previous one and desiring to be returned to the fomer to find out what happens.
Feature films, especially mainstream products like Hollywood blockbusters, very often have "closed" narratives. That's to say that although we can imagine stands of the story continuing, the main plot events-thwe sequence of the cause and effect elements that have led us through a particular story focus-are brought to a conclusion at the end of the film. By contrast, soap operas use "open" narratives. Some events may be concluded during the course of an ephisode, but the programme will always end on a cliff-hanger, leaving a key event "open" and unresolved enticing the audience to watch the next episode to find out what happens.
The term "series", in North America usage, refers to a connected set of television programme ephisodes that ran under the same title, possibly spaning many seasons. British shows have tended toward shorter series in recent years. For exmaple, the first series is long-runing science fiction shoe Doctor Who in 1963 featured fourty-two 25-minutes episodes, which had been reduced gradually to fourteen 25-minute ephisodes in 1989. However there are some series in the UK that have a larger number of ephisodes, and are contiuous, one main example of this is Eastenders, it is on-going it never seems to end. Therefore it is known as serial.
"Realism" in the visual arts and literature refers to the general attempt to decipt subjects as they are considered to exist in third person objective reality, without embellishment or interpretation. Realists create everyday characters, situations, dilemmas, and objects, all in a "true-to-life" maner.
Narrative structures can be "linear": events progressing in chronological order with one following another. Narratives can also be "non-linear". A non-linear narrative is one that does not proceed in a straight-line, step-by-step fashion, such as where an author creates a Story's ending beforwe the middle is finished. Linear is the opposite, when narrative runs smoothly in a straight line, when it is not broken up. Soaps therefore have linear narratives. However, theitr narrative structure is engineered so as to build tension and keep the audience in suspense through the constant use of cross-cutting. Scenes develop to a point of heightened tension then the direction cuts to another scene, leaving us in suspense regarding what happened in the previous one and desiring to be returned to the fomer to find out what happens.
Feature films, especially mainstream products like Hollywood blockbusters, very often have "closed" narratives. That's to say that although we can imagine stands of the story continuing, the main plot events-thwe sequence of the cause and effect elements that have led us through a particular story focus-are brought to a conclusion at the end of the film. By contrast, soap operas use "open" narratives. Some events may be concluded during the course of an ephisode, but the programme will always end on a cliff-hanger, leaving a key event "open" and unresolved enticing the audience to watch the next episode to find out what happens.
The term "series", in North America usage, refers to a connected set of television programme ephisodes that ran under the same title, possibly spaning many seasons. British shows have tended toward shorter series in recent years. For exmaple, the first series is long-runing science fiction shoe Doctor Who in 1963 featured fourty-two 25-minutes episodes, which had been reduced gradually to fourteen 25-minute ephisodes in 1989. However there are some series in the UK that have a larger number of ephisodes, and are contiuous, one main example of this is Eastenders, it is on-going it never seems to end. Therefore it is known as serial.
"Realism" in the visual arts and literature refers to the general attempt to decipt subjects as they are considered to exist in third person objective reality, without embellishment or interpretation. Realists create everyday characters, situations, dilemmas, and objects, all in a "true-to-life" maner.
Key Components of Newspapers
Hard News
The idea of hard news involves to initial concepts, seriousness and timeliness. Seriousness includes many different categories such as politics, economics, crime, war, and disasters are considered serious topics, as are certain aspects of law, business, science, and technology. Where as timeliness include stories that cover current events such as the progress of a war, the results of a vote, the breaking out of a fire, a significant statement, the freeing of a prisoner, an economic report of note.
Features
A feature is a story or article that has special human intrest that is not closely tied to a recent news event.It goes into great detail regarding concepts and ideas of specific market interest and in particular an independent target demographic, for example a story on a kids TV show could have its target demographic (audience) as parents because they need to know what content their offspring are viewing.While the distinction between published features and news is often clear, when approached conceptually there are few hard boundaries between the two. It is quite possible to write a feature in the style of a news story, for instance. Nevertheless features do tend to take a more narrative approach, perhaps using opening paragraphs as scene-setting narrative hooks instead of the delivery of the most important facts.
Masthead
The masthead is one of the main components for any front cover of any physical media text, it tends to be written as a list, that gives the names of the staff that contributed to the creation of the media text. Some mastheads also include information such as the publication's founding date, slogan, logo and contact information. For example on every Nike poster, the slogan 'Just Do It' is displayed clearly so that it gives the company it's own unique identity.
By-liners
The byline is a strip that gives the reader a brief outline of the writer of the story's position in the company, for example Piers Morgan - Editor.
Gutters
A gutter in media terms is the space between printed texts, this can be used to signal a change of subject.
Justified Text
Is the name given too typographic alignment setting of text or images within a column or "measure" to align along both the left and right margin.
The idea of hard news involves to initial concepts, seriousness and timeliness. Seriousness includes many different categories such as politics, economics, crime, war, and disasters are considered serious topics, as are certain aspects of law, business, science, and technology. Where as timeliness include stories that cover current events such as the progress of a war, the results of a vote, the breaking out of a fire, a significant statement, the freeing of a prisoner, an economic report of note.
Features
A feature is a story or article that has special human intrest that is not closely tied to a recent news event.It goes into great detail regarding concepts and ideas of specific market interest and in particular an independent target demographic, for example a story on a kids TV show could have its target demographic (audience) as parents because they need to know what content their offspring are viewing.While the distinction between published features and news is often clear, when approached conceptually there are few hard boundaries between the two. It is quite possible to write a feature in the style of a news story, for instance. Nevertheless features do tend to take a more narrative approach, perhaps using opening paragraphs as scene-setting narrative hooks instead of the delivery of the most important facts.
Masthead
The masthead is one of the main components for any front cover of any physical media text, it tends to be written as a list, that gives the names of the staff that contributed to the creation of the media text. Some mastheads also include information such as the publication's founding date, slogan, logo and contact information. For example on every Nike poster, the slogan 'Just Do It' is displayed clearly so that it gives the company it's own unique identity.
By-liners
The byline is a strip that gives the reader a brief outline of the writer of the story's position in the company, for example Piers Morgan - Editor.
Gutters
A gutter in media terms is the space between printed texts, this can be used to signal a change of subject.
Justified Text
Is the name given too typographic alignment setting of text or images within a column or "measure" to align along both the left and right margin.
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